The Problem With Unregulated Power Supplies

Previous Article in this series

The prerequisite for this article can be read here: 

Unregulated Bridge Rectification Pi Filtered Power Supply

Given

Given: Vpri = 120v 60Hz, Turns ratio = 4:1, C1 = 10uF, RL = 10K Ohms

Review the calculations for this circuit previously covered

Unregulated Halfwave Filtered Power Supply

The problem

The problem with any unregulated power supply is that the DC and ripple voltage will change if the load changes. Our example, with a 10K ohm load, has a DC output voltage of 38.52 volts and a ripple voltage of 6.407vpp. What happens to the DC and ripple voltage if you change the load resistance to 5K ohm or 1K ohm?

Reviewing calculations for VDC and Vrpp with 10K ohm load

$$VC_{max}=41.733V$$

$$VC_{min}=Vfinal-((Vfinal-Vinitial)e\frac{-time}{RC})$$
$$VC_{min}=0-((0-41.733)e\frac{-16.667mS}{10uF \times 10K})$$
$$VC_{min}=35.326vp$$
 
$$Vrpp = Vmax-Vmin$$
$$Vrpp= 41.733vp-35.326vp$$
$$Vrpp=6.407vpp$$
 
$$VDC=\frac{Vmax+Vmin}{2}$$
$$VDC=\frac{41.733V+35.326}{2}$$
$$VDC=38.52V$$
 

Recalculating VDC and Vrpp with a 5K ohm load

$$VC_{max}=41.733V$$

$$VC_{min}=Vfinal-((Vfinal-Vinitial)e\frac{-time}{RC})$$
$$VC_{min}=0-((0-41.733)e\frac{-16.667mS}{10uF \times 5K})$$
$$VC_{min}=29.903vp$$
 
$$Vrpp = Vmax-Vmin$$
$$Vrpp= 41.733vp-29.903vp$$
$$Vrpp=11.83vpp$$
 
$$VDC=\frac{Vmax+Vmin}{2}$$
$$VDC=\frac{41.733V+29.903}{2}$$
$$VDC=35.818V$$
 

Recalculating VDC and Vrpp with a 1K ohm load

$$VC_{max}=41.733V$$

$$VC_{min}=Vfinal-((Vfinal-Vinitial)e\frac{-time}{RC})$$
$$VC_{min}=0-((0-41.733)e\frac{-16.667mS}{10uF \times 1K})$$
$$VC_{min}=7.882vp$$
 
$$Vrpp = Vmax-Vmin$$
$$Vrpp= 41.733vp-7.882vp$$
$$Vrpp=33.851vpp$$
 
$$VDC=\frac{Vmax+Vmin}{2}$$
$$VDC=\frac{41.733V+7.882}{2}$$
$$VDC=24.8075V$$

Output ripple and DC waveform with 10K ohm load

Output ripple and DC waveform with 5K ohm load

Output ripple and DC waveform with 1K ohm load

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